PENGARUH PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L.)

Yayuk Purwaningrum, Yenni Asbur, Surya Atmaja Nasution, Muhammad Nuh

Abstract


Perubahan iklim global, khususnya kenaikan suhu dan cuaca ekstrem, mengancam produktivitas padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.) di lahan kering, terutama melalui gangguan fisiologis pada fase reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh peningkatan suhu, pemberian kompos daun karet, dan kerapatan tanam terhadap produktivitas padi gogo melalui systematic literature review. Data dikumpulkan dari jurnal ilmiah, laporan penelitian, dan publikasi terkait, kemudian disintesis untuk memperoleh temuan komprehensif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa suhu >35°C selama fase berbunga mengurangi pembentukan malai dan pengisian gabah. Di sisi lain, kompos daun karet meningkatkan ketersediaan hara, retensi air tanah, dan aktivitas mikroba, sehingga memperkuat ketahanan tanaman terhadap stres suhu. Kerapatan tanam optimal (20–30 tanaman/m²) dapat memaksimalkan penyerapan cahaya dan efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya tanpa kompetisi berlebihan. Interaksi ketiga faktor ini menentukan respons fisiologis dan agronomis tanaman. Simpulan studi mengindikasikan bahwa strategi adaptasi terintegrasi meliputi ameliorasi tanah berbahan organik, penyesuaian kerapatan tanam, dan penggunaan varietas toleran panas diperlukan untuk memitigasi dampak perubahan iklim sekaligus mempertahankan produktivitas padi gogo. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi sinergi antar-faktor pada kondisi lapangan yang spesifik.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/agr.v13i1.11659

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