Problematika Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penanganan Pelanggaran Politik Uang dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah

Abstract

Abstrak

Pemilihan kepala daerah merupakan perwujudan kedaulatan rakyat yang harus dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil, namun dalam praktiknya masih diwarnai oleh politik uang yang merusak integritas demokrasi. Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 telah mengatur larangan dan sanksi terhadap praktik tersebut, khususnya dalam Pasal 73 dan Pasal 187A, tetapi penegakan hukumnya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama terkait pemaknaan frasa “pihak lain”, pembuktian unsur “sengaja”, serta akibat hukum apabila perbuatan menjanjikan atau memberikan uang atau materi telah terbukti tetapi tidak memenuhi unsur sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 73 ayat (4). Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini meliputi pengaturan larangan politik uang dalam pemilihan kepala daerah, pemaknaan frasa “pihak lain” beserta problematika pembuktiannya, serta pembuktian unsur “sengaja” dalam ketentuan pidana politik uang. Penelitian ini menggunakan objek kajian berupa penegakan hukum pelanggaran politik uang dalam Pilkada dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif analitis dan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui studi kepustakaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, dan praktik penegakan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problematika utama terletak pada kesulitan pembuktian hubungan antara pelaku dengan pasangan calon, penafsiran frasa “pihak lain” yang masih sempit, serta pembuktian unsur kesengajaan yang sulit dibuktikan secara langsung, sehingga diperlukan penafsiran hukum yang lebih kontekstual dan konsistensi aparat penegak hukum agar ketentuan larangan politik uang dapat diterapkan secara efektif dalam menjaga integritas pemilihan kepala daerah.

Kata kunci: Pilkada, pelanggaran kampanye, politik uang, penegakan hukum.
Abstract

Regional head elections are an embodiment of popular sovereignty that must be conducted in a direct, general, free, confidential, honest, and fair manner. However, in practice, they remain marred by money politics, which undermines democratic integrity. The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, through Law Number 10 of 2016, has regulated prohibitions and sanctions against such practices, specifically under Article 73 and Article 187A. Nevertheless, the law enforcement thereof still faces various obstacles, particularly regarding the interpretation of the phrase "other parties", the proof of the element of "intent", and the legal consequences if the act of promising or giving money or material is proven but fails to satisfy the elements as stipulated under Article 73 paragraph (4). The problems discussed in this study include the regulation of the prohibition of money politics in regional head elections, the interpretation of the phrase "other parties" along with its evidentiary issues, and the proof of the element of "intent" in the criminal provisions of money politics. This study examines the law enforcement of money politics violations in regional head elections as the object of research, utilizing a descriptive-analytical research method and a normative-juridical approach through library research. The method applied is the statutory approach by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and law enforcement practices. The results of the study indicate that the primary problem lies in the difficulty of proving the relationship between the perpetrator and the candidate pair, the narrow interpretation of the phrase "other parties", and the proof of the element of intent which is difficult to establish directly. Consequently, a more contextual legal interpretation and consistency among law enforcement officials are required so that the provisions prohibiting money politics can be effectively applied in maintaining the integrity of regional head elections.

Keywords: Regional Head Elections (Pilkada), campaign violations, money politics, law