Upaya Hukum Bagi Debitur Atas Objek Jaminan Yang Dilelang Tanpa Melalui Restrukturisasi Kredit Oleh Perbankan (Studi Putusan Perdata Nomor 18/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Mks)

Abstract

Abstrak

Restrukturisasi tidak wajib dilakukan didalam kredit bermasalah di perbankan akan tetapi dapat dilakukan, karena tidak wajib maka dapat dilaksanakan lelang, bank dapat melakukan resturkturisasi jika ada kesepakatan di dalam perjanjian kredit antara bank dan debitur maka harus melalui restrukturisasi, Permasalahan dalam tesis ini yaitu pertama keabsahan hukum bagi pelaksanaan lelang atas objek jaminan hak tanggungan yang dilakukan tanpa melalui restrukturisasi kredit. Kedua akibat hukum bilamana objek jaminan dilelang tanpa melalui restrukturisasi kredit. Ketiga perlindungan hukum bagi debitur yang objek jaminan hak tanggungannya telah dilelang tanpa melalui restrukturisasi kredit dalam Putusan Perdata No. 18/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Mks. Sifat penelitian dalan penulisan tesis ini penelitian deskripstif analisis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian tesis ini adalah yuridis normatif. Sumber data penelitian hukum diperoleh dari kepustakaan (library research). Teknik penelitian studi kepustakaan Analisis data yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan cara analisis kualitatif. Keabsahan hukum bagi pelaksanaan lelang atas objek jaminan hak tanggungan yang dilakukan tanpa melalui restrukturisasi kredit. Restrukturisasi tidak wajib dilakukan didalam kredit bermasalah di perbankan akan tetapi dapat dilakukan, karena tidak wajib maka dapat dilaksanakan lelang, bank dapat melakukan resturkturisasi, jika ada kesepakatan di dalam perjanjian kredit antara bank dan debitur maka harus melalui restrukturisasi, dan jika tidak ada kesepakatan maka bank dapat langsung melakukan lelang terhadap objek jaminan. Apabila restrukturisasi gagal, yaitu debitur tidak mampu memenuhi kewajibannya, maka dapat melakukan perjanjian ulang antara debitur dan bank dengan menyesuaikan kemampuan usaha debitur. Akibat hukum bilamana objek jaminan dilelang tanpa melalui restrukturisasi kredit. Akibat dari adanya konflik norma Pasal 6 UU Hak Tanggungan Pasal 224 HIR, yaitu timbulnya ketidakpastian hukum mengenai pengaturan pelaksanaan Eksekusi Barang Jaminan yang telah dibebani Hak Tanggungan, dengan adanya gugatan telah mengakibatkan peserta lelang mengundurkan diri dari pelaksanaan lelang Hak tanggungan. Perlindungan hukum bagi debitur yang objek jaminan hak tanggungan nya telah dilelang tanpa melalui restrukturisasi kredit dalam Putusan Perdata No. 18/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Mks. Perlindungan bagi debitur terhadap risiko yang dialaminya dalam lelang tanpa restrukturisasi selain dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan Pasal 18 UUPK, juga dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan kebijakan Bank Indonesia. Bank Indonesia sejak awal tahun 2002 mulai menyusun cetak biru sistem perbankan nasional yang salah satu aspek didalamnya tercakup upaya untuk melindungi dan memberdayakan debitur. Upaya ini kemudian berlanjut dan dituangkan menjadi Pilar ke VI dalam API yang mencakup empat aspek.

Kata Kunci : Upaya Hukum,  Debitur, Objek Jaminan Yang Dilelang Tanpa,  Restrukturisasi Kredit Perbankan

Abstract

Restructuring is not compulsory for bad credit in banks; yet it can still be conducted; therefore, auction can be held without firstly conducting restructuring. Banks may provide restructuring. In the event of agreement between banks and debtors on restructuring, restructuring is compulsory to conduct. The research problems are how about the validity of the auction of object of mortgage security that is executed without firstly undergoing credit restructuring, how about the legal consequences for the object of mortgage security that is auctioned without firstly undergoing credit restructuring, and how about the legal protection for the debtor whose object of mortgage security is auctioned without firstly undergoing credit restructuring in the Civil Ruling No. J8/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Mks. This research employs descriptive analytic method. It applies normative juridical research type. The data are collected through library research. They are analysed by using qualitative analysis method. As to legal validity of the auction of object of mortgage security that is conducted without firstly undergoing credit restructuring; restructuring is not compulsory for bad credit in banks; yet it can still be conducted; therefore, auction can be held without firstly conducting restructuring; however, banks may provide restructuring. In the event of agreement between banks and debtors on restructuring, restructuring is compulsory to conduct; and if there is not any agreement on restructuring before executing auction, the bank is permined to directly auction the object of mortgage security. In case restructuring fails, or the debtor is not able tD fulfil his obligations, the debtor and bank can do re- agreement to adjust with the debtor’s ability. The legal consequences for the object of mortgage security that is auctioned without firstly undergoing credit restructuring is norm confiicts as stated in Article 6 of Laws on Mortgage flights and article 224 of HIR (Herzien Inlandsch Reglement) or Indonesian Updated Regulations, that legal uncertainty emerges regarding the regulations to execute auction ofsecurity object that bears mortgage rights, the lawsuit filed to the court has made auction participant draw back from the auction of mortgage rights. The legal protection for the debtor whose object of mortgage security has been auctioned without firstly undergoing credit restructuring is provided in the Civil Ruling No. 18/Pdt. g/2019/PN.Mks. the protection for the debtor is regulated in Article 18 ofLaws on Consumer Protection, and policies of the central Bank of the republic of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia). Bank Indonesia has been drawing up blueprint for national banking system that one of which aspects includes the efforts to protect and empower clfents. This effort is proceeded and contained in Pillar IV of Indonesian Banking Architecture which covers four aspects, namely mechanism of client complaints, establishment of independent mediating institution, transparency of product information, and education for clients

Keywords: Legal Efforts, Debtors, Collateral Objects Auctioned Without, Banking Credit Restructuring