Pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok dan Limbah Ternak untuk Produksi Biogas Sebagai Mitigasi Pencemaran Danau Toba

Hasan Sitorus, Kimberly Febrina Kodrat


Abstract


Pencemaran perairan Danau Toba akibat eutrofikasi memicu timbulnya ledakan populasi eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) yang mempercepat pendangkalan dan penurunan kualitas air. Di sisi lain, akumulasi limbah peternakan sapi dan babi di kawasan pesisir Danau Toba turut berkontribusi terhadap pencemaran nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi ko-digesti anaerobik antara biomassa eceng gondok dan kotoran ternak sebagai strategi ganda (dual-action strategy) dalam memitigasi pencemaran air sekaligus menghasilkan energi terbarukan (biogas). Untuk mengatasi masalah tingginya kadar lignoselulosa yang melambatkan masa fermentasi, dilakukan pra-perlakuan (pretreatment) biologi pada eceng gondok menggunakan bioaktivator Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) dan molase/gula. Metodologi eksperimental dilakukan pada skala laboratorium menggunakan batch digester anaerobik berkapasitas 20 L selama 30 hari. Data kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment EM4 + molase pada eceng gondok mampu memperpendek waktu lag phase dari 8 hari menjadi 3 hari dan menghemat masa retensi total hingga 33,3% (dari 30 hari menjadi 20 hari). Formula ko-digesti eceng gondok terfermentasi dan kotoran ternak (1:1) menghasilkan yield metana (CH4​) optimal sebesar 0,52 m3/kg VS dengan kadar metana mencapai 68,4%. Implementasi teknologi ini berpotensi mereduksi beban organik perairan serta mempercepat konversi limbah menjadi energi bersih

Keywords


Biogas, Eeceng Gondok, Fermentasi, Mitigasi Pencemaran, Danau Toba

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v9i2.14441

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