Efektivitas Telenursing WhatsApp terhadap Self-Management dan Kontrol Glikemik Pasien DM Tipe 2 di Komunitas

Mahanta Qaribi, Sabran Hadi Pagan, Hariati Hariati, Orita Satria


Abstract


Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires continuous self-management, while face-to-face follow-up in primary care is often limited by time and distance. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of nurse-led WhatsApp telenursing on self-management and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the working area of Puskesmas Ngkeran, Aceh Tenggara, in 2026. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with an intervention and a comparison group was used. Sixty respondents were included using purposive sampling, with 30 respondents in each group. The intervention group received a 12-week structured WhatsApp telenursing program, while the comparison group received routine primary care. Self-management was measured using the 35-item Indonesian Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (IDN-DSMI), and glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c. The mean self-management score in the intervention group increased from 84.71+/-10.72 to 97.49+/-12.01 (p<0.001), whereas the comparison group increased from 88.46+/-10.32 to 91.56+/-11.41 (p=0.037). The between-group difference in change was 9.68 points (95% CI 5.87-13.49; p<0.001). HbA1c decreased from 8.69+/-0.88% to 8.06+/-1.05% in the intervention group (p<0.001), while no meaningful change was observed in the comparison group (8.47+/-0.81% to 8.44+/-1.09%; p=0.796). The between-group difference in HbA1c change was -0.60 percentage points (95% CI -0.91 to -0.28; p<0.001). These simulated results suggest that WhatsApp telenursing may improve diabetes self-management and glycemic control in community-based primary care

Keywords


Telenursing, WhatsApp, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Self-Management, Glycemic Control

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v9i2.14527

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