Pengaruh Pestisida Nabati Kombinasi Daun Pepaya dan Daun Kemangi Terhadap Serangan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura) Pada Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja L.)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pestisida nabati merupakan pestisida yang bahannya berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan atau herba dan bahan organik lain yang efektif untuk menangkal serangan hama pada tumbuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi daun pepaya dan daun kemangi terhadap serangan ulat grayak terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kedelai hitam. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September-November 2022 di Dusun 7-B, Desa Karang Anyar, Kecamatan Beringin, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non-faktorial dengan 5 kali pengulangan, yaitu aplikasi kombinasi pestisida berbahan dasar daun pepaya dan daun kemangi dengan 4 taraf perlakuan yaitu (kontrol, 100ml/l, 200ml/l, dan 300ml/l). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pestisida nabati kombinasi daun pepaya dan daun dengan konsentrasi 300ml/L memberikan pengaruh yang paling efektif terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman kedelai hitam, dengan tinggi tanaman mencapai 45,84cm, sedangkan untuk luas daun tidak berpengaruh terhadap pemberian pestisida nabati kombinasi daun pepaya dan daun kemangi, dan penggunaan pestisida nabati kombinasi daun pepaya dan daun kemangi dengan konsentrasi 300ml/L memberikan pengaruh yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan persentase serangan ulat grayak sampai 10,5% pada tanaman kedelai hitam.

Kata Kunci: Pestisida nabati, Persentase Serangan, Spodoptera litura, Daun Pepaya, Daun Kemangi

ABSTRACT

Botanical pesticides are pesticides whose ingredients come from plants or herbs and other organic materials that are effective in preventing pest attacks on plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of papaya leaves and basil leaves on armyworm attacks on the vegetative growth of black soybean plants. The research was conducted in September-November 2022 in 7-B Hamlet, Karang Anyar Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The materials used are Detam 1 soybeans, papaya leaves, basil leaves and water. The tools used are measuring cups, meters, blenders, sprayers, barrels/buckets, filters, cellphones and stationery. The experiment was arranged using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 repetitions, namely the application of a combination of pesticides made from papaya leaves and basil leaves with 4 treatment levels namely (control, 100ml/l, 200ml/l, and 300ml/l). Each treatment consisted of 5 replications. Parameters measured were plant height, leaf area and percentage of attack by armyworm and were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance of 5% and followed by Duncan's test. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel software. The results showed that the application of a combination of papaya leaf and leaf vegetable pesticides with a concentration of 300ml/L had the most effective effect on the growth of black soybean plant height, with a plant height of 45.84cm, while the leaf area had no effect on the application of a combination of papaya leaf vegetable pesticides. and basil leaves, and the use of vegetable pesticides combined with papaya leaves and basil leaves at a concentration of 300 ml/L gave the most effective effect in reducing the percentage of armyworm attacks to 10.5% on black soybean plants.