PENATALAKSANAAN KARSINOMA NASOFARING DENGAN BANTUAN ALDH1 A1 SEBAGAI BIOMARKER DALAM PENENTUAN STADIUM

Armansyah Maulana Harahap

Abstract


ALDH tersebar di seluruh tubuh, mengkatalisis oksidasi aldehida dan berfungsi dalam detoksifikasi seluler, metabolisme dan pensinyalan asam retinoat / retinoic acid (RA) dan perlindungan dari spesies oksigen reaktif / reactive oxygen species (ROS). ALDH diregulasi oleh senyawa asam retinoat termasuk retinoid dan jalur potensial onkogenik seperti WNT/β-catenin dan MUC1-C/ERK. ALDH kemudian mengoksidasi aldehida yang berpartisipasi dalam mekanisme pensinyalan atau menginduksi kerusakan seluler atau DNA, meminimalkan produksi ROS dan pensinyalan asam retinoat. Mekanisme regulasi ini bergabung untuk menghasilkan efek yang dimediasi ALDH pada diferensiasi dan proliferasi sel, tumorigenesis, stemness dan resistensi terhadap terapi. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif terstruktur dengan kajian telaah literatur. Data artikel baik original article, research article, Review article maupun case report dikumpulkan untuk dianalisa sesuai dengan tujuan dari judul dan penulisan artikel ini. ALDH1 dianggap sebagai penanda / marker CSC, yang dapat menginduksi kanker dengan mempertahankan karakteristik CSC dan memodifikasi metabolisme. Tingkat ekspresi ALDH1 merupakan marker yang membedakan sel punca normal dari sel punca kanker. Studi penelitian klinis telah menemukan bahwa rasio prognostik dari famili gen ALDH1 dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor kuat yang buruk dari berbagai kanker solid. Sebagai prediktor kuat, ALDH1 juga terlibat dalam menurunkan resistensi obat pada kanker padat. Meski masih kontroversial, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa sel kanker dengan aktivitas ALDH tinggi dan karakteristik mirip sel punca lainnya terkait erat dengan resistensi obat dan rekurensi tumor. Keseimpulan menyatakan bahwa kadar ALDH1A1 yang tinggi memiliki korelasi terhadap kenaikan stadium pada kejadian karsinoma nasofaring, dimana semakin tinggi ALDH1A1 maka polanya menuju ke stadium IV.

 


Keywords


ALDH1 A1, Karsinoma, KNF, Stadium, Nasofaring

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v6i2.7474

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