Systematic Review Of Relationship Stunting With Intelligence Of Elementary School Children

Alfira Alfira, Dina Keumalasari, Nuraiza Meutia, Arlinda Sari Wahyuni, Oslida Martony, Armansyah Maulana Harahap


Abstract


Satu dari tiga anak di Indonesia mengalami stunting. Stunting dapat berdampak pada perkembangan motorik dan verbal, meningkatkan penyakit degeneratif, morbiditas dan mortalitas. Selain itu, stunting akan menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel neuron terhambat, sehingga mempengaruhi perkembangan kognitif pada anak. Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh stunting terhadap perkembangan kognitif pada anak berbeda-beda, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja dampak stunting terhadap kemampuan kognitif pada anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis yang diambil dari jurnal nasional dan internasional. Berdasarkan hasil review, ditemukan bahwa stunting memiliki implikasi biologis terhadap perkembangan otak dan neurologis yang diterjemahkan ke dalam penurunan nilai kognitif. Stunting yang parah dengan Z-skor <-3SD dari indeks panjang badan menurut umur atau tinggi badan menurut umur anak memiliki dampak negatif terhadap tumbuh kembang anak. Selain itu, anak yang mengalami stunting pada 2 tahun pertama kehidupannya cenderung memiliki IQ non-verbal di bawah 89 dan IQ 4,57 kali lebih rendah dari IQ anak yang tidak mengalami stunting. Disimpulkan bahwa stunting memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak yang berdampak pada prestasi belajar.

 

 


Keywords


Kata Kunci : Stunting, Kognitif, anak sekolah, sistematik literatur review

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v7i1.9025

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