https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/issue/feedJOURNAL OF LANGUAGE2023-12-12T15:22:10+07:00PURWARNOjournal_language@sastra.uisu.ac.idOpen Journal Systems<p>Print ISSN: <a title="p-ISSN Journal of Language" href="http://u.lipi.go.id/1547874635" target="_blank">2655-9080</a> | Electronic ISSN: <a title="e-ISSN Journal of Language" href="http://u.lipi.go.id/1564056592" target="_blank"><span>2685-8878</span></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Journal of Language (JoL)</strong> is an open access and a peer reviewed scientific journal covering research reports in linguistics, literature or language teaching, and critical evaluations of books on the related areas published by Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatra (UISU), Medan, Indonesia. <span>The main objective of JoL is to provide a platform for scholars, academicians and researchers to share the contemporary thoughts mainly in the fields of language, literature, and language teaching. </span>This journal is published twice a year in May and November. JoL <span>is nationally accredited with Grade 4 (SINTA 4) by the Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education of Republic Indonesia based on the Decree Number: 158/E/KPT/2021 dated 09 Desember 2021, which is effective from Volume 1 Number 1, 2019 to Volume 5 Number 2, 2023. </span></p><a title="Google Scholar" href="https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?user=Em4l96gAAAAJ&hl=id&authuser=4" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/adminsastra/GOOGLESCHOLAR1.gif" alt="" /></a> <a title="Crossref" href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=2685-8878" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/adminsastra/Crossref2.png" alt="" /></a> <a title="Garuda Ristek DIKTI" href="http://garuda.ristekbrin.go.id/journal/view/20045" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/adminsastra/Webp.net-resizeimage_1.png" alt="" /></a> <a title="Sinta 4" href="https://sinta3.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/profile/7874" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/purwarno/SINTA3.png" alt="" /></a> <a title="ICI Copernicus" href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=69390&lang=pl" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/purwarno/INDEX_COPERNICUS.png" alt="" /></a>https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7707NUMERAL TO NUMERAL OF BALMIKI AND KUPIA: A MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON2023-11-24T06:22:21+07:00Biswanandan Dashbn.dash@gmail.comSubrat Kalyan Pattanayakbndash@gmail.comNumeral systems are the major counting methods found across languages. They are characterised by unique morphosyntactic structures to show numericity. The efficiency of communicating numbers is related to the morphological construction of numerals. These are also valuable sources for genetic classification. Besides, they play a vital role in establishing the antiquity of a cognate language. Peculiarly, the numeral systems of languages are the most vulnerable to elimination due to major or dominant languages. The quest in this article is to analyse the numeral morphology of Balmiki, a lesser-known language spoken in Odisha, and compare it with that of Kupia, a language spoken in Andhra Pradesh by the B/Valmiki community, to determine if their numeral structures are concealed or influenced by their encroaching languages. This study further contests a louder outbreak created during 2016-18 to ‘<em>discover the Walmiki language</em>’ by analysing a few unreliable numeral examples. In a series, this is the second study that compares and propounds conclusively to the fact that how these duo languages shed light on shared characteristics of numerals inherited or descended in other Indo-Aryan traditions from an etymological ancestor.2023-11-23T10:00:10+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/8160THE ROLE OF ACCENTS IN BATU BARA MALAY COMMUNICATION2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Doni Efrizahdefriz19@gmail.comThis research aims to explore the role of accent in Batu Bara Malay communication. Batu Bara Malay is a dialect of Malay spoken in Batu Bara area of North Sumatra, Indonesia and has unique phonological characteristics. This research is also to identify the characteristics of the accent in Batu Bara Malay, understand its impact in daily communication, and investigate the role of accent in communication. This research uses a combination approach of case study and phonological analysis. The data were collected through interviews with native Batu Bara Malay speakers, observations of daily communication, and analysis of voice recordings. The research results show that Batu Bara Malay has distinctive accent characteristics, including phonological variations in the use of phonemes and intonation that are different from the standard Malay or Indonesian. In the context of daily communication, the use of accents in Batu Bara Malay affects understanding and expression. Differences in accents in informal conversation and formal communication were also identified. Social and cultural factors play a role in accent variation. This research contributes to further understanding of Batu Bara Malay and the importance of maintaining this dialect. The results can be used as a basis for efforts to preserve language and culture in Batu Bara Malay community.2023-11-23T10:00:12+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7853PERSONALITY IN MICHAEL PUNKE’S NOVEL THE REVENANT: A NOVEL OF REVENGE2023-11-23T10:03:11+07:00Syahruddin Saidsyahruddinsaid114@gmail.comSri Chairanisrichairani1@gmail.comM. Manugerenmanugeren@sastra.uisu.ac.idPurwarno Purwarnopurwarno@sastra.uisu.ac.idThis study is the result of a library research which is qualitative in nature on the bravery and strength of the protagonist named Hugh Glass depicted in Michael Punke’s <em>The </em><em>Revenant; </em>overall exposing the social phenomena tied to personality. Concepts about the protagonist and personality covering bravery and strength are highlighted to support the analysis. The research findings show that the protagonist’s bravery and strength are found in the novel and have helped him much to survive in the wild woods when he is abandoned by his two friends named Fitzgerald and Bridger, who prove themselves to be unreliable. Fitzgerald and Bridger not only abandon him but also rob all his belongings that he needs to survive in the wild woods. In his serious wounds and state of dying added with no rifle, hatchet, knife and flint and steel, Glass eventually overcomes the obstacles in the wild woods, and survive to materialize his ambitions.2023-11-23T10:00:13+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/8246CULTURAL IDENTITY IN YU HUA’S NOVEL TO LIVE2023-11-23T10:03:13+07:00Hidayati Hidayatihidayati@unhar.ac.idMisla Geubrinamislageubrina@unhar.ac.idMayasari MayasariMayasari@unhar.ac.idMuhammad Kiki Wardanamuhammadkikiwardana@unhar.ac.idzuindra zuindrazuindra@unhar.ac.id<p>Every ethnic group has its own cultural identity and is used as a reference to distinguish between one ethnic group and another. Understanding cultural identity is important to avoid cultural conflicts so that all ethnic groups within a unitary society can live side by side in harmony. The core discussion in this research is related to Chinese cultural identity based on the novel <em>To Live</em> written by Yu Hua with two points of discussion, kinship system and marriage system, conducted by means of a qualitative descriptive method to obtain data related to social phenomena with the results of the analysis in the form of description. Concepts and theories relating to cultural identity, Chinese cultural identity, kinship and marriage systems are implemented to support the overall research. The results of the analysis show that wherever Chinese ethnic groups are located, they try to maintain their cultural traditions. In Chinese culture, kinship includes all members of the extended family and the essence of a marriage is the union of two extended families; both have values that must be used as guidelines based on the teachings of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism; the value of maintaining and preserving harmonization and norms to bind each individual to remain in the corridor of cultural tradition heritage.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:13+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7902EXISTENTIALIST FEMINISM IN MOMMY ASF'S NOVEL LAYANGAN PUTUS2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Eka Putradyn KJ Sitepuekakjsitepu@gmail.comMuhammad Ali Pawiroekakjsitepu@gmail.comPurwanto Siwiekakjsitepu@gmail.com<p>The research is concerned with women's movements portrayed in Mommy Asf’s novel <em>Layangan Putus</em>. It objectively finds and discusses a mother's individual movements through transcendence to upholster her existence, particularly in an attempt to overcome and improve herself even without a husband's support, as shown by Kinan, the main female character in the novel. The fact that a woman is always marginalized based on social reality, especially a woman, becomes the background of the study. The research is conducted using the descriptive-qualitative method proposed by Creswell. The theory applied in this research is the sexist feminist theory proposed by Simone de Beauvoir. The finding concerns the woman's movements described in the novel using Beauvoir's existentialist feminism. The results show that Kinan, as the main female character, can overcome and improve herself in life, as evidenced by the four transcendences of Beauvoir's theory to uphold her existence as a manifestation of Owen's movements: Kinan is able to work, become intellectual, achieve social transformation, and refuse the role of otherness</p>2023-11-23T10:00:13+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7904THE CAUSING FACTORS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEFT-HANDED CHARACTER IN NANCY SPRINGER’S NOVEL ENOLA HOLMES2023-12-12T15:22:10+07:00Wahyu Utama Putrawahyoe.up@gmail.comMuhammad Ali Pawirowahyoe.up@gmail.comEly Ezirwahyoe.up@gmail.com<p>The aim of this research is to reveal the causing factors of social problems in Springer’s novel <em>Enola Holmes</em>, referring to the issues or challenges that affect society and its members, hindering their overall well-being and quality of life. These problems arise due to various factors, including economic, political, cultural, and structural issues. Descriptive method is used in analyzing the data as a comprehensive summarization in everyday terms of specific events experienced by individuals and groups. The analysis holistically is supported by the theory of Marxism proposed by Karl Marx and supported by Friedrich Engels, Stanley Coren, and others related to the analysis. Research on the causing factors of social problems of left-handed character is significant for advancing equality, raising awareness, informing policies, and enhancing the well-being and quality of life for left-handed people. By addressing the unique challenges they face, society can strive to create an inclusive environment that values and supports the diverse needs of all individuals, regardless of their handedness. It is found that there are various causing factors of social problems delving into various domains, such as racism and discrimination, men’s rules everything, and underestimated, that affect the character’s existence as a human and a woman.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:14+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7587STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN USING CONDITIONAL SENTENCES2023-11-23T10:03:11+07:00Syafrizal Azzalisyafrizal0201@gmail.comJumino Suhadijumino.suhadi@sastra.uisu.ac.idPurwarno Purwarnopurwarno@sastra.uisu.ac.id<p>This research was aimed at describing the students’ ability using conditional sentences and to investigate the dominant type of conditional sentences mastered by the eleventh-grade students using conditional sentences (type I, II, and III) at SMAS Istiqlal Delitua Academic Year 2022/2023. The design of this research was descriptive quantitative research and the instrument used in this research was an objective test or multiple choices. The population of this research was 210 students. Then, the researchers used a simple random sampling technique to take the sample and chose 30 students. The researchers found out: <em>first</em>, the mean score of students’ ability in using conditional sentences was 77.86; it was categorized as a “good” level; <em>second</em>, the dominant type of students’ ability in using conditional sentences was “type I” with a mean score of 0.88 or 38%. It means the process of teaching and learning English, more specifically, in Conditional Sentences, at SMAS Istiqlal Delitua Academic Year 2022/2023 has reached the standard.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:14+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7903THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY AND THEIR DESCRIPTIVE READING COMPREHENSION2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Lylys Anita Sarenalylysanita@gmail.comWan Anayatilylysanita@gmail.comAndang Suhendilylysanita@gmail.com<p>The study investigates the correlation between students’ vocabulary mastery and their reading comprehension. Reading Comprehension is the ability to read, process it and understand its meaning. It relies on two, interconnected abilities: word reading, being able to decode the symbols on the page and language comprehension, being able to understand the meaning of the words and sentences); meanwhile comprehension is achieved when the reader successfully extracts the useful knowledge from a text and constructs it into a new understandings of their own. The data were collected from 30 tenth grade students. The test items of vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension were given to the students to measure their level of vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension. The results were compared to find out the correlation between those variables. The results show that there was strong correlation between students’ vocabulary mastery and their reading comprehension. The current study concludes that students’ experiences and reading strategies help the students understand text, but vocabulary was more contributive in helping the students to comprehend the texts.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:14+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7901SPEECH ACTS IN THE WEDDING OF BATAK TOBA ETHNIC AT JANGGA TORUAN VILLAGE, KECAMATAN LUMBAN JULU KABUPATEN TOBA SAMOSIR2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Linarti Manurunglinartimanurung1@gmail.comSaiful Anwar Matondanglinartimanurung1@gmail.comMuhammad Ali Pawirolinartimanurung1@gmail.com<p>The marriage of the Batak Toba community is closely related to the role of <em>Dalihan Na Tolu</em>, something that cannot be separated from Batak Toba customs because <em>Dalihan Na Tolu</em> is a symbol of the social system of the Batak Toba people, which has three pillars consisting of <em>Hula-hula, Dongantubu,</em> and <em>Boru</em>. The function of <em>Dalihan Na Tolu</em>, besides assisting the respective relatives, also plays a role in providing the materials for carrying out traditional Batak Toba weddings. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of speech acts in the wedding of the Batak Toba indigenous people and also to describe the types of speech acts in the Batak Toba wedding. In this case, the theory of speech acts is taken from Austin, which is then developed by Searle. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method supported by data analysis techniques based on the information given by the community leaders in the village of Janggatoruan, Kecamatam, Lumban, Julu, Kabupaten, and Toba Samosir. The findings of this study are of four speech acts in the wedding: 1) representative speech acts; 2) expressive speech acts; 3) directive speech acts; and 4) declarative speech acts.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:14+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7879STRUGGLE IN TERE LIYE’S NOVEL ABOUT YOU2023-11-23T10:03:11+07:00Evi Oktavianievioktaviani065@gmail.comSusi Ekalestarisusi.ekalestari@sastra.uisu.ac.id<p>This study aims to reveal the protagonist’s struggle and describe how the protagonist struggles to survive in Tere Liye's novel <em>About You. </em>Maizler's theory was applied as the main theory and Ahmadi’s theory as the sub-theory. Therefore, the analysis of this study concerns the kinds of struggle: positive struggle, negative struggle, inevitable struggle, and chosen struggle. It also discusses the factors of struggle. They are will, sympathy, encouragement, and desire. The novel <em>About You</em> talks about the story of a woman named Sri Ningsih who faces many struggles in her life. This research adopts a qualitative design in which the data, the analysis, and the findings are presented in the form of a description. The result shows that three kinds of struggle are experienced by the protagonist. She carries out positive struggle, inevitable struggle, and chosen struggle. Furthermore, four factors of struggle are experienced by the protagonist. The factors are will, sympathy, encouragement, and desire.<em></em></p>2023-11-23T10:00:15+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/8037CONFLICT IN MICHELLE ZAUNER’S NOVEL CRYING IN H MART: A MEMO2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Novia Mentarinoviamentari132@gmail.comSafitri Harianinoviamentari132@gmail.com<p>This study analyzes a novel by Michelle Zauner entitled <em>Crying in H Mart: A Memoir</em>. This research focuses on the conflicts that occur to the protagonist, Michelle Zauner. The purpose of this study is to reveal the external and internal conflicts that occur in the novel. The researchers applied descriptive qualitative approach to conduct this research. The descriptive approach means that the data collected is in the form of notes or memos, personal documents, or other official documents. Also, the researchers use the conflict theory described by several experts, such as Stanton, Sayuti, and Nurgiyantoro as a reference for discussion, so that the topic under study runs systematically. For the analysis, it is found that the protagonist in the novel experienced both external and internal conflicts. The external conflicts that occur to Michelle are the difficulty of being mixed-blood and disputes with her father. The internal conflicts occur in the novel due to sadness of her mother's illness and death, and pressure of future dreams.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:15+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/8038INJUSTICE IN EKA KURNIWAN’S NOVEL BEAUTY IS A WOUND2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Fatmaliza Harahaplizaharahaps01@gmail.comAsnani Asnanilizaharahaps01@gmail.com<p>This study entitled <em>Injustice in Eka Kurniawan’s Novel Beauty is a Wound</em> focuses on the injustice experienced by some women, Dewi Ayu and her four daughters. The main purpose of this study is to determine the types of injustice experienced by some women. In analyzing the novel <em>Beauty is a Wound</em>, descriptive research method was used to identify, classify and analyze the data. The collected data are divided into two categories: primary data and secondary data. The primary data is the novel <em>Beauty is a Wound </em>(2002) itself. The secondary data are some books and literatures related to the analysis such as from books or journals of injustice issues, from the internet and other relevant information to the analysis. The data are collected through library research. The result of the study shows that there are three types of injustice found in the novel. They are discrimination, subordination and violence.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:15+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7400COURAGE IN R. J. PALACIO’S NOVEL WONDER2023-11-23T10:03:11+07:00Tita Assyifatitaassyifa15@gmail.comMuhammad Fatih Suhadititaassyifa15@gmail.com<p>This research is entitled <em>Courage in R.</em><em> </em><em>J. Palacio's Novel Wonder</em>. This study focuses on the types of courage and the factors behind the courageous actions taken by August Pullman as a protagonist in the novel. It examines what actions are considered courageous actions and what factors affect the courageous actions. This study used the qualitative method as the research method because the data is not numerical. The type of data in the study is the text from two data sources, i.e., primary data and secondary data. The primary data source is the novel, and the secondary data source is the related information. The aim of this study is to find out what types of courage are given by the protagonist and what factors cause him to be courageous in the novel. The writers used Dungate’s theory of the six types of courage to classify the types. The study also applied the study conducted by Rate et al. in implicit theories of courage to classify the factors of courageous actions. The result of the study shows that first, the types of courage found in the protagonist are physical courage, social courage, intellectual courage, and emotional courage; second, the factors that can be found in the protagonist are external circumstances, affective, and motivational factors.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:15+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7881ANXIETY IN JOHN GREEN’S NOVEL THE FAULT IN OUR STAR2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Anastasya Al Zamzamianastasyaalzamzami76@gmail.comSri Wulananastasyaalzamzami76@gmail.comThis study aims to reveal the type of anxiety experienced by the protagonist and her defense mechanisms against the anxiety in John Green’s novel <em>The Fault in Our Star</em>. The causes of anxiety can be seen for the first time when Hazel is diagnosed with thyroid cancer. That situation results in a big impact on people around her, especially her parents' boyfriends. They get worried that she will hurt the people around her. This study uses the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud to explain the protagonist's type of anxiety and her defense mechanisms to get rid of the anxiety. In completing the analysis, this study applies the qualitative research method because the data collected in this study are in the form of words as quotations taken from the source. The results of this study indicate that the first protagonist's anxiety is caused by feeling guilty, overthinking, and worrying about keeping an eye out for the future. Therefore, two types of anxiety can be found in the novel. They are moral and realistic anxieties. Then, the protagonist commits two defense mechanisms to avoid her anxiety. They are rationalization and reaction formation. Finally, this data proves that the protagonist in the novel suffers from anxiety, and she tries hard to cure the disease.2023-11-23T10:00:16+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/8229CONFLICTS IN JENNIFER LEE’S MOVIE SCRIPT FROZEN I2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Siti Fatimasifatima99@gmail.comMuhammad Fatih Suhadisifatima99@gmail.com<p>The research deals with an analysis of conflict in Jennifer Lee's movie script, <em>Frozen I</em>, focusing on two topics, the types of conflict and exposing the causes of the conflict. The researchers apply the theory of conflict proposed by Sayuti and Whitfield. This study uses the qualitative method, and the data are analyzed descriptively. Based on the research analysis, the researchers find three results. First, the Frozen I movie script by Jennifer Lee illustrates conflicts and their causes. Second, there are two kinds of conflict in this movie script: internal and external conflict. Internal conflict contains character vs self-conflict. It can be seen in Elsa’s inner turmoil over the power she has, in Elsa's struggle to control her power, and in Elsa's struggle to lower her ego and not hurting the people she loves and the people of Arandelle. External conflict contains character vs character and character vs society. Third, the causes of conflict can be seen when Elsa hurts Anna, when Elsa’s parents die, and when Elsa's power is exposed.</p>2023-11-23T10:00:16+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGEhttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/journaloflanguage/article/view/7981CONFLICT IN KEVIN KWAN'S NOVEL CRAZY RICH ASIANS2023-11-23T10:03:12+07:00Setiawati Anggrainisetiawati3910@gmail.comAsnani Asnanisetiawati3910@gmail.com<p>The study aims to describe the kinds of conflict and also the factors causing conflict in Kevin Kwan's novel <em>Crazy Rich Asians</em>. It only focuses on kinds of conflict and factors causing conflict in selected characters of the novel. This study used a qualitative method. The data were analyzed descriptively. The data in this study were collected from the novel <em>Crazy Rich Asians</em> by Kevin Kwan. The data were taken by reading and marking words and phrases from the novel, which are related to the study. The data were analyzed from the novel based on the theory and statement of the problem to be analyzed. The results of the analysis obtained from this study have two conclusions. First, the types of conflicts in the novel <em>Crazy Rich Asians</em>, namely internal and external conflict are found in several characters in the novel. Second, the factors that may cause conflict in the novel <em>Crazy Rich Asians</em> are causative factors. These factors are differences between individuals, cultural differences, and differences in interests. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits, understanding, and knowledge in analyzing conflict in a literary work in the form of a novel. The results of this study are also expected to be used as a reference for further research.<strong></strong></p>2023-11-23T10:00:16+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE