Stylistics in “ Asahan Dalam Angka 2015 ” Translation Text

This research deals with the role of stylistics in translation and is aimed at identifying the types of stylistics used in “Asahan Dalam Angka 2015” in the translation text, to analyze the application of how and why stylistics is applied. This study applies qualitative research method, proposed by Miles and Huberman. There are six types of stylistics applied in ASDA 2015translation text: Word Formation Variation (WFV), Lexical Choice Variation (LCV), Syntactical Order Variation (SOV), Semantic Meaning Variation (SMV), Pragmatic Contextual Variation (PCV), and Grammatical Change Variation (GCV). The application refers to the morphological process (Word Formation Variation).The words are lexically chosen to vary lexical meaning (LCV), the phrases are syntactically reconstructed SOV), the words are pragmatically and contextually varied and translated to be equivalent (PCV), and the words are grammatically changed and varied to construct appropriate meaning. The finding shows that there are two causes why stylistics is not well applied in ASDA 2015translation text. Firstly, MT (Machine Translation) used in translating the text is not equipped by sufficient linguistic devices. Secondly, ASDA 2015 translation text is not realized in stylistic variation.


Introduction
As a result of recent global social changes, more and more academic fields studying language and communication are showing interest in topics related to various forms of translation.Translation is regarded as a communication activity between one language into another language and between one culture into another culture (Hasan 2008).Therefore, translation may function as a means of international communication that has a great number of different languages.Through translation, the translators have contributed a lot of benefits for the social life in many aspects.There have been many books on religion translated from Arabic into Indonesian or English into Indonesian.Besides, important information on one particular local region is also necessary to be translated into English.
Translating a text, particularly that of official one very often involves a gap.A gap is meant that there are inappropriate meanings in the source text improperly translated into the target text.On the other words equivalence in meaning which is as a central meaning focused in the translation work has not been done or transferred well by the translator.The farther its equivalence, the farther the gap will be.The gap, however leads to misunderstanding of the text.Misunderstanding of the text will either spoil the ideas or loses the information of the source text.This case needs to be studied as the gap that may result in inappropriate value (Ayob: 2009).
Translation needs a comprehensive understanding of how meanings of the source text can be understood as its nature in the target text.It includes the understanding of sociocultural, educational, psychological as well as ideational background of both languages.Munday (2011: 132) strongly argues that a translator/interpreter is an active participant in the communication process, one who 'intervenes' not as a transparent conduit of meaning but as an interested representer of the source words of others and in a communicative situation constrained and directed by extra-textual factors including commissioner, brief, purpose, audience expectation and target text function.In addition, the translator or interpreter brings his/her own socio-cultural and educational background, ideological, phraseological and idiosyncratic stylistic preferences to the task of rendering a source text in the target language.
Style as a part of meaning is so important that a great attention has been given to its problems.This study is aimed at identifying what types of stylistics are used in the translation text, how and why those types are used in "Asahan Dalam Angka 2015" translation text.Stylistics analysis proposed by the writer is based on a theory of translation.The different views of translation lead to different concepts of translational analysis and different ways of presenting it.This study is aimed at two issues: the stylistic approaches applied in translating the source text into the target text in terms of stylistic qualified translation and the acceptance of translation perceived by the native speakers of the target language.
The stylistics is commonly perceived on the consideration that the meaning of the source language and the target language refers to the same line in the real word that is on the basis of their referential or denotative equivalence.The source language and the target language words provide the same associations in the minds of native speakers of both the source and the target language.On the basis of referential denotative and connotative equivalence, however, the varieties in presenting the text is different but again the meaning can be understood as of the source language.Munday, (2009: 203)states that stylistics is very crucial to get the information and new discovery.Without stylistics the meaning of a text might be implicitly missed.The readers cannot follow the development of the meaning, in addition they are unable to understand the translated target language (Simpson: 2002).
Stylistics is meant to set the use of language in other variations.The variations which are focused on this research are word formation, lexical choice, syntactical order, semantic meaning, pragmatic context and grammatical change variation.Each of these are studied in its implementation to Asda 2015 translation text.
Unless assessing the quality of the translation in the text of ASDA is conducted, it is very possible that the work will result in a worse translation quality; the meaning will not be meaningful that the information which is going to be delivered is not well informed to the speakers of the target language.Furthermore, this will bring to negative effect for the investment environment in Asahan Regency.The opportunity of offering foreign investment to the other countries will be no longer clearly comprehended.

Research Method
There are three steps in conducting this research; collecting the data, analyzing the data and presenting the result of analysis, as proposed by Sudaryanto (1993:57).In conducting this study, descriptive qualitative method is implemented.Qualitative research broadly

T.T. ASDA 2015
In English

Stylistics in Translation (Melanin 2002)
Pragmatic variation Grammatical Variation defined, means "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other mean of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1998: 179).
The processes are in steps of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming.In this study, the first step of data condensation includes the process of selecting.In this process, clauses consisting of the phrases and their meanings are selected from ASDA 2015 Text in English and Indonesian versions and taken into account in order to make sure that it is really suitable as the data.The next step is simplifying.In this process, the types of stylistics are given some codes (WFV, LCV, SOV, SMV, PCV, GCV) in order to make them easier to be classified into each type.The researcher places them and groups them in line with each type by categorizing the clause containing phrases.After that, it is abstracting.In this step, the researcher describes the data in the research findings.The last is transforming.In this step, the data is displayed by making written summary of types, procedures and the most dominant of stylistic type in ASDA 2015.Below is the flow chart of the research procedures.

Dominant stylistics Aspect used in Asda Text
Reason; Translator's perspective (New Mark 1991)

Word Formation stylistics
Syntactical Order Lexical Variation SemanticVariation

Findings and Discussion
Stylistics analysis implemented by the writer is based on a theory of translation.The different views of translation itself lead to different concepts of translational analysis and different ways of presenting it.This study is aimed at two issues: the stylistic approaches applied in translating the source text into the target text in terms of stylistic qualified translation and the acceptance of translation perceived by the native speakers of the target language.

Word Formation Variation (WFV)
Based on the data, there are 19 sentences.WFV is a variation applied in the text to the words or phrases that undergo word forming process.This process is also called the morphological process.The morphological process involves suffixation (prefixes, infixes, suffixes).This process may or may not change the word classification.However, the focus is on the morphological process which is also called word formation.
Sentence (5) North Asahan Regency borders in Batu Bara Regency, can be replaced by forming suffixes which may become Northern part of Asahan Regency borders in Batubara Regency.Sentence (6) South borders in Labuhan Batu Utara and Toba Samosir Regency can be formed into southern part borders of Labuhan Batu Utara and Toba Samosir.Sentence (7) West borders of Simalungun Regency, and East borders at the Malacca Straits can be western part of borders and at Eastern part of borders at the Malacca Straits.

Lexical Choice Variation (LCV)
Based on the data, there are 28 sentences.LCV involves lexical, grammatical and stylistic choices in the target language.These choices should reflect the semantic, pragmatic and aesthetic values of the original text.The ultimate goal is to create an equivalent work of art.
The following shows how data from the text are analyzed based on the lexical choices variation (LCV).Sentence (1) Circumstances of geography can be alternatively replaced or changed to be geographical facts.Sentence (6) The area of Asahan can be syntactically varied to be Asahan Regency

Syntactical Order Variation (SOV)
Based on the data, there are 25 sentences.Syntactical Order Variation (SOV) is provided as the empirical evidence that most PNs (approximately 92%) are not associated with an explicit occurrence of a support verb.This important underlying property of SOV is in general not shared by Machine Translator.In general, a MT is composed of at least two elements which are simultaneously present, even if they may undergo variations.The basic meaning of the sentence remains the same even when the word order is changed by putting words in a casual place.The partitive case tells which one is the object and one may distinguish the object from the subject.However, the change of word order often causes the various nuances and emphasis.
Sentence (8): the difference between those two seasons is on the number of rainy days and the volume of rainfall in each season can be alternatively reconstructed as the difference between the dry and rainy seasons and can be indicated by the frequency of rainy days and the volume of rainfall in each season.Sentence ( 14) viewed from the level of education: most are S1 at 42.72 percent, high school graduates at 27.98 percent, and the Academy (D1, D2 and D3) at 24.43 percent and this can be syntactically reconstructed to be viewed from the level of education, most of the population are S1 at 42.72 percent, high school graduates27.98percent, and the Academy (D1, D2 and D3) 24.43 percent.Sentence (21), Statistik yang memenuh inorma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria yang berlaku dalam setiap penyelenggaraan kegiatan statistik (Kode Etik Statistik) is translated into statistics that meets the norms, standards, procedures, and criteria that apply in every statistical activities (Code Ethics Statistics).It can be syntactically reordered to be statistics that meet the norms, standards, procedures, and criteria that apply in every statistical activities (Statistics Ethics Code).Sentence ( 26), Untuk Kecamatan terpadat urutan pertama adalah Kecamatan Kisaran Timur disusul Kisaran Barat dengan masing-masing kepadatan 2.396 dan 1.768 jiwa perkm2 dan yang terjarang adalah Kecamatan Sei Kepayang is translated into: Hence district of Kisaran Timur and Barat, as the Capital City of Asahan Regency, are very highly populated, 2.396 and 1.768 number of populations per square kilometers.In contrast the density of district of Sei Kepayang can be varied to be the most populated density in Kisaran Timur and Barat, as the Capital City of Asahan Regency, 2.396 and 1.768 number of populations per square kilometers.In contrast the least populated density is Sei Kepayang district.

Semantic Meaning Variation (SMV)
Based on the data, there are 21 sentences.Semantic Meaning Translation (SMV) is theories of meaning which are sometimes used to throw light on the phenomenon of translation.That is why light can be fruitfully thrown into the opposite direction: we can use translations to get a handle on meaning.More specifically, we will motivate and present a method for the automatic extraction of wordnet-type information from translational data and review some results.The basic insight behind the method is that much information about the semantic relations among the words in a language resides in the way in which the sets of their possible translations into some other language overlap.Therefore, if we take the translational relation between two languages in the translation of Asda 2015 Text as a theoretical primitive, languages can serve as each other's semantic variation.
Sentence (20), Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Labuhan Ruku is translated into Labuhan Ruku Correctional Institution.It can be semantically interpreted to be Labuhan Ruku Prison and Jail.Sentence (23) Jumlah penduduk Asahan keadaan bulan Juni is translated to be Number of Asahan's population estimated in June.The word keadaan which is translated to be estimated can be semantically meant to be statistical estimation report.Sentence (29) Sektor kedua terbesar dalam menyerap tenaga kerja di Asahan adalah sector perdagangan, hotel dan restoran yaitu sebesar 19.59 persen is translated to be The second biggest sector in absorbing the labor force in Asahan is the trade, hotel and restaurant sector that is equal to 19.59 percent.Semantically, the absorbing in the target language is regarded as the translation of menyerap.However, it can be semantically changed to be job opportunity.Therefore, the translation in the target language can be The second biggest job opportunity sector in Asahan is the trade, hotels and restaurant sector that equals to 19.59 percent.

Pragmatic Contextual Variation (PCV)
Based on the data, there are 8 sentences.In the movement of translation today, translators tend to employ several methods in order to deal with puns such as communicative translation, semantic translation and free translation.None of these methods perfectly accounts for context.In other words, none of them explains how to identify the pun word and how to assign the appropriate meaning and context to it.

Grammatical Change Variation (GCV)
Based on the data, there were 29 data or sentences.When translating a piece of writing, the translators as well as the students encounter many problems due to the differences between languages.Because of that the translator must be very careful when he translates.Some people may think that translation is an easy process, especially the translation of grammatical categories, and it is just to find their equivalents in the target language.However, this is not always true; there are some categories which have no equivalents in the target language.So, this study is based on difficulties which face first year Master students in translating this category into English.This difficulty emerges because this category has no an equivalent in English.
Sentence (52), Pada tahun 2014, PDAM Kisaran telah menyalurkan air bersih khusus ke wilayah Kabupaten Asahan sebanyak 3.241.240meter kubik.Jumlah pelanggan air bersih sebanyak 12.669 pelanggan dan sebagian besar pelanggan berasal dari rumah tangga dengan jumlah air yang disalurkan mencapai 2.703.335meter kubik is translated into: In 2014, the water sanitary of local company of Kisaran distributes sanitary water as much as 3.241.240cubic meters to all of the customers in Asahan Regency.Number of the customers is 12.669 and Household such as common dwelling places accepted about 2.703.335cubic meters of water distribution.It can be grammatically varied and translated to be In 2014, the water Supply Regional Establishment of Kisaran distributes sanitary water as much as3.241.240cubic meters to all its customers in Asahan Regency.Number of the customer sare 12.669 customers and Household such as common dwelling places accepted about 2.703.335cubic meters of water distribution.Sentence (62), Jumlah tersebut mampu menyerap 2.896 anggota dengan simpanan anggota sebesar 2.13 milliar rupiah dan volume usaha sebesar 524.32 juta rupiah is translated into The amount is capable of absorbing 2.896 members with members' savings amounting to 2.13 billion dollars and business volume amounted to 524.32million rupiahs.This sentence can be varied grammatically to be The amount is able to absorb 2.896members with members' savings amounting to 2.13 billion dollars and business volume amounted to 524.32million rupiahs.
Those types of stylistics are applied in the variations of how words are formed, lexically chosen and how words are ordered syntactically, semantically, and pragmatically understood, and grammatically adjusted or changed.
ASDA 2015Translation Text is not realized in the variation of stylistics linguistic competence since the translator is not well equipped with more comprehensive linguistic competencies.Machine translation used in translating ASDA 2015 text is not equipped by sufficient linguistic devices.On the basic level, MT performs simple substitution of words in one language for words into another, but that way usually cannot produce a good translation of a text because recognition of whole phrases and their closest counterparts in the target language is needed.Solving these problems, stylistic variation competence should be treated as a more comprehensive way.
Sentence (66), Jumlah Pasar/Pekan dan Tempat Berjualan 2014 is translated into Number of Market and Shopping Center 2014.It can be changed contextually to be Number of Markets and market places in 2014.Sentence (70), Penyaluran dan Penjualan Beras Bulog Menurut Konsumen 2014 is translated into Bulog Distribution and Selling of Rice by Consumer 2014.This may be pragmatically meant to be logistic distribution and rice sale according to consumers in 2014.