Perlindungan Hak Pekerja Migran Indonesia dari Praktik Diskriminatif di Perlis Malaysia (Protection Of The Rights of Indonesian Migrant Workers Againts Discriminatory Practices in Perlis Malaysia)

Abstract

Abstrak

Setiap individu memiliki hak untuk memperoleh pekerjaan dan upah yang layak. Dalam upaya memperluas kesempatan kerja, pemerintah Indonesia menyelenggarakan program Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) guna memberikan peluang pendapatan di luar negeri. Namun, seiring pelaksanaan program tersebut, muncul tantangan dalam hal perlindungan dan kesejahteraan PMI. Selain proses penempatan, perlindungan hukum bagi warga negara Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri menjadi hal yang penting. Perlindungan ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia, yang berlandaskan pada UUD 1945 dan peraturan ketenagakerjaan nasional. Di negara tujuan, termasuk Malaysia, PMI kerap menghadapi perlakuan diskriminatif, tidak setara dengan warga negara setempat. Stereotip negatif seperti status sosial rendah, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, dan asal negara sering kali menjadi alasan mereka diperlakukan tidak manusiawi serta dijauhkan dari interaksi sosial. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengukur sejauh mana pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat, khususnya di negara tujuan, terhadap hak asasi PMI sebagaimana dijamin dalam Deklarasi Universal HAM, termasuk hak untuk hidup layak, bebas dari diskriminasi, tidak diperbudak, memiliki harta, menjalankan ibadah, dan lain sebagainya. Negara memiliki kewajiban untuk memberikan perlindungan maksimal bagi PMI dan memperkuat kerja sama internasional guna mencegah praktik diskriminatif. Hal ini juga berperan dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup PMI dan keluarganya serta menegaskan kontribusi mereka terhadap perekonomian nasional sebagai pahlawan devisa. Meningkatkan kesadaran hukum sangat penting untuk mencegah pelanggaran martabat PMI, yang pada akhirnya juga menyangkut citra bangsa di mata internasional. Adapun kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (PTSS), Perlis, Malaysia, dengan tujuan mengkaji pemahaman civitas akademika terhadap isu perlindungan PMI dan menyebarkan informasi ini ke masyarakat luas. Materi yang disampaikan mencakup konsep dasar PMI, prosedur keberangkatan ke Malaysia, kebijakan terkait, sumber pendanaan, penyelesaian masalah, serta hambatan dan sanksi sosial. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam memperlakukan PMI secara adil, serta menekan terjadinya pelanggaran HAM berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku.

Kata Kunci : Perlindungan, Pekerja Migran Indonesia, Kesejahteraan.

Abstrack

Every individual has the right to obtain employment and receive fair wages. In an effort to expand job opportunities, the Indonesian government has implemented the Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) program to provide income-earning opportunities abroad. However, alongside the implementation of this program, challenges related to the protection and welfare of PMI have emerged. Beyond the deployment process, legal protection for Indonesian citizens working overseas has become a critical issue. This protection is regulated under Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, which is based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and national labor regulations. In destination countries, including Malaysia, PMI often face discriminatory treatment and are not granted equal rights as local citizens. Negative stereotypes-such as perceptions of low social status, limited education, and origin from Indonesia-are frequently used as justification for inhumane treatment and exclusion from social interactions. This initiative aims to assess the level of understanding and awareness among the public, particularly in host countries, regarding the human rights of migrant workers as guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These rights include the right to a decent life, freedom from discrimination and slavery, the right to own property, to live in dignity, to practice religion, and others. The state has an obligation to provide maximum protection for PMI and to enhance international cooperation with countries that employ Indonesian workers, in order to prevent discriminatory practices. Such efforts also contribute to improving the living standards of PMI and their families, and affirm their contribution to the national economy as “foreign exchange heroes.” Raising legal awareness is essential to prevent the dehumanization of PMI, which ultimately affects the dignity of the nation on the global stage. This activity was carried out at Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (PTSS) in Perlis, Malaysia, with the goal of evaluating the academic community’s understanding of PMI protection issues and promoting this knowledge to the broader Malaysian public. Topics covered include the basic concepts, principles, and objectives of PMI, requirements and procedures for working in Malaysia, relevant policies, funding mechanisms, problem resolution, as well as challenges and social sanctions. The activity is expected to enhance public knowledge and awareness to ensure fair treatment of PMI and minimize human rights violations in accordance with existing regulations.

Keywords: Protection, Indonesian Migrant Workers, Welfare.