Pengaruh Protein Sel Tunggal Berbasis Chlorella dan Spirulina terhadap Performa, Integritas Usus, dan Kekebalan Tubuh Broiler: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis

Reo Radius Falah, Madiyan Sugesti


Abstract


Tinjauan pustaka sistematis ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh Chlorella dan Spirulina berbasis single cell protein terhadap performa pertumbuhan, integritas usus, dan fungsi imun broiler. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan sistematis berdasarkan prinsip PRISMA. Peneliti menelusuri artikel ilmiah bereputasi dari berbagai basis data dan memilih studi berdasarkan kriteria yang mencakup broiler, suplementasi pakan atau penggantian sebagian protein dengan Chlorella, Spirulina, Arthrospira, atau bahan mikroalga terkait, serta luaran performa, kesehatan usus, dan imunitas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa level inklusi rendah sampai sedang dari Chlorella dan Spirulina umumnya meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan, efisiensi pakan, pemanfaatan nutrien, morfologi usus, marker barrier intestinal, kapasitas antioksidan, dan respons imun. Namun, level inklusi tinggi dapat menurunkan konsumsi pakan, kecernaan, dan performa karena hambatan dinding sel, peningkatan viskositas digesta, perubahan palatabilitas, dan keterbatasan akses nutrien. Kebaruan kajian ini terletak pada interpretasi mikroalga sebagai bahan pakan multifungsi, bukan hanya sebagai sumber protein alternatif. Kajian ini berkontribusi dalam memperjelas peran Chlorella dan Spirulina sebagai aditif pakan fungsional, modulator kesehatan usus, dan pendukung imunitas. Temuan ini mendukung pengembangan pakan broiler berkelanjutan yang mengurangi ketergantungan pada protein konvensional dan antibiotic growth promoter.

Keywords


broiler; Chlorella vulgaris; Spirulina platensis; single cell protein; integritas usus; fungsi imun.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v9i1.13818

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