PENGEMBANGAN BETON HIJAU BERBASIS ABU CANGKANG TIRAM SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PARSIAL SEMEN UNTUK MENDUKUNG KONSTRUKSI RENDAH KARBON

Kamaluddin Lubis, Muthia Amalya, Nela Permata Sari Lubis


Abstract


Industri konstruksi merupakan salah satu penyumbang utama emisi karbon akibat tingginya penggunaan semen Portland. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi abu cangkang tiram (Oyster Shell Ash/OSA) sebagai substitusi parsial semen dalam pengembangan beton hijau rendah karbon. OSA dikalsinasi pada suhu 500–900°C selama 2 jam dan dihaluskan hingga lolos ayakan No. 200. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan XRF, XRD, SEM, TGA sedangkan beton dibuat dengan FAS 0,50 dan variasi OSA 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah. Potensi pengurangan emisi karbon dievaluasi melalui pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Hasil XRF menunjukkan bahwa OSA kaya akan CaO (52,84%), yang mendukung aktivitas sementisius. Analisis XRD dan SEM menunjukkan bahwa substitusi 20% OSA menghasilkan reaksi pozzolanik paling efektif, ditandai dengan peningkatan pembentukan gel C–S–H, mikrostruktur yang lebih padat, dan porositas yang lebih rendah. Namun, kuat tekan optimum diperoleh pada 10% OSA, yaitu 34,0 MPa pada umur 28 hari atau sekitar 8% lebih tinggi dibandingkan beton normal. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa variasi OSA berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kuat tekan (p < 0,05). Analisis LCA menunjukkan bahwa substitusi 10% semen dengan OSA mampu menurunkan emisi karbon sebesar 8,24% (28 kg CO2/m³). Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa 10% OSA merupakan kadar substitusi optimum karena memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara kinerja mekanik, perbaikan mikrostruktur, dan reduksi emisi karbon, sehingga berpotensi mendukung pengembangan beton berkelanjutan untuk konstruksi rendah karbon.

Keywords


Beton Hijau; Abu Cangkang Tiram; Substitusi Semen; Kuat Tekan; Emisi Karbon.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/but.v22i1.14581

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