Smart Home ESP32 Dual-Kontrol Mengatasi Kerentanan Ketergantungan Jaringan Mewujudkan Otomatisasi Rumah Stabil dan Aman

Tomy Satria Alasi, Allwine Allwine, Mutiara S Simanjuntak


Abstract


Ketergantungan penuh pada layanan cloud menurunkan ketersediaan smart home ketika koneksi Internet terganggu, sementara kontrol suara tanpa autentikasi membuka peluang eksekusi perintah oleh pengguna yang tidak berwenang. Penelitian ini merancang dan mengevaluasi prototipe smart home berbiaya rendah yang membagi kendali ke dua jalur: jalur online melalui aplikasi Flutter dan Firebase Realtime Database serta jalur lokal melalui aturan sensor, voice assistant Vosk, dan autentikasi wajah. ESP32 memproses sensor HC-SR04, LDR, sensor hujan, dan DHT11; mengendalikan servo pagar, servo jemuran, lampu melalui relay, serta menampilkan status pada LCD. ESP32-CAM dan pustaka face_recognition memverifikasi identitas sebelum sistem menerima perintah suara. Penelitian menggunakan metode prototipe selama tiga bulan dengan inti pengembangan sepuluh minggu. Pengujian mencakup 38 skenario fungsional: 18 skenario keputusan sensor, lima pembacaan suhu, tujuh perintah suara, dua skenario autentikasi wajah, dan enam fungsi aplikasi-cloud. Seluruh skenario menghasilkan keluaran sesuai aturan yang ditetapkan (38/38 atau 100% keberhasilan fungsional). Pagar terbuka pada jarak 3–6 cm dan tertutup pada 8–15 cm dengan ambang 7 cm. Lampu aktif mulai nilai LDR 2400 dengan ambang 2350, sedangkan jemuran masuk sampai nilai sensor hujan 3400 dan keluar mulai 3600 dengan ambang 3500. Pembacaan DHT11 menghasilkan rata-rata 29,8 °C, simpangan baku sampel 0,84 °C, dan rentang 2 °C. Jalur online menunjukkan waktu respons observasional 1–2 detik. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada integrasi kontrol cloud, kontrol lokal berbasis sensor dan suara, serta autentikasi wajah berurutan dalam satu prototipe ESP32. Hasil membuktikan kelayakan fungsi, tetapi belum membuktikan akurasi sensor terkalibrasi, word error rate, false acceptance rate, ketahanan jaringan, atau keamanan produksi.

Keywords


Smart Home; Esp32; Kontrol Online–Offline; Vosk; Pengenalan Wajah; Firebase

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/jet.v11i3.14187

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