Dari Petani Tradisional menjadi Koeli Perkebunan: Perubahan Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat Deli (1863-1869)

Hanif Harahap, Dimas Ade Gunawan, Sri Karina

Abstract


This article aims to describe the social changes of the Deli community livelihood as traditional farmers to become koeli (coolies) during 1863-1869. This is historical research with four steps includes heuristics, criticism (internal and external), interpretation, and historiography. Historical source collected by library research includes the primary and secondary sources. Based on the research results, before the opening of the tobacco plantations, Deli was still dominated by ancient forests, the people of Deli mostly relied on the fertility of the Deli soil to fulfill their daily needs by becoming traditional farmers. In 1863, Deli began to be used as a plantation area by the Dutch which was pioneered by Jacobus Nienhuys, the people and traditional farmers in Deli began to become coolies with daily wages.

Keywords


Deli; tobacco plantations; coolies; livelihood

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akbar, A. (2018). Perkebunan Tembakau dan Kapitalisasi Ekonomi Sumatera Timur. Tamaddun, 6(2), 61–98. https://doi.org/10.24832/jk.v11i2.26.

Anwar, S. (2022). Deli dan Sumatera Timur dalam Pusaran Politik Kawasan Kolonial Belanda. MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v6i2.6075.

Azwar, T. K. D. (2004). Poenale Sanctie: Studi tentang globalisasi ekonomi dan perubahan hukum di Sumatera Timur, 1870-1950 [Disertasi]. Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Brandt, W. (1948). De Aarde Van Deli. N.V. Publisher W. van Hoeve.

Breman, J. (1997). Menjinakkan Sang Kuli : Politik Kolonial pada Awal Abad Ke-20. PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti.

Erwin, & Sabrina, T. (1999). Sejarah tembakau Deli. PTP Nusantara-II.

Ghani, M. A. (2019). Jejak planters di Tanah Deli : dinamika perkebunan di Sumatra Timur 1863-1996 (H. A. Siregar & T. Panandita, Eds.). IPB Press.

Hamdani, N. (2011). Tembakau Deli: Pohon berdaun emas dari Sumatera. Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional .

Husni, T. H. M. L. (1978). Lintasan sejarah peradaban Sumatra Timur 1612 - 1950 . Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Banda Aceh.

Itawan, D. (2020). Dari Hutan Purba Menjadi Perkebunan: Fotografi, Propaganda Kemakmuran, dan Perubahan Lanskap di Sumatera Timur, 1860an-1930an. Jurnal Sejarah, 3(2).

Kusbianto. (2010). Konflik di Perkebunan (S. Hadiluwih, Ed.). USU Press.

Muhajir, A., Anwar, S., & Sumantri, P. (2020). Jaringan Kereta Api sebagai Sarana Transportasi Pendukung Industri Perkebunan di Sumatera Timur: Peranan Deli Maatschappij dan Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij, 1881-1940. Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v1i1.162.

Napitupulu, S. P. (1991). Sejarah perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme dan imperialisme di Sumatera Utara. Proyek ISDN.

Pelzer, K. J. (1983). Toean Keboen dan Petani: Politik Kolonial dan Perjuangan Agraria di Sumatra Timur 1863-1947. Sinar Harapan.

Said, H. M. (1997). Suatu Zaman Gelap di Deli, Koeli Kontrak Tempo Doeloe Dengan Derita dan Kemarahannya. Waspada.

Sinaga, D. M. (2018). Aktivitas Perdagangan Deli Maatschappij di Sumatera Timur Tahun 1870-1930. Avatara, 6(1), 257–272.

Sinar, T. L. (2001). Sejarah Medan Tempo Doeloe (8th ed.). Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Seni Budaya Melayu.

Sumarno, E. (2016). Pelestarian dan Perlindungan Tembakau Deli. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 3(3), 187–205.

Suprayitno, S., Ratna, R., Ganie, R., & Handoko, H. (2020). From Labuhan Deli to Belawan: The Removal of Harbor in Medan during the Dutch Colonial Period of 1863-1942. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.999.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v7i2.7583

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Hanif Harahap, Dimas Ade Gunawan, Sri Karina

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.