SELF-ACTUALIZATION IN IWAN SIMATUPANG’S NOVEL ZIARAH

M. Manugeren

Abstract


A person should achieve maximum satisfaction in life and achieve balance between physical, emotional, social and spiritual aspects as the manifestation of self-actualization. This research aims to reveal that an individual who experiences a self-actualization process is able to recognize and develop their talents, abilities and values. The entire research is carried out using a qualitative descriptive method to reveal that self-actualization can be used as a guide to achieving harmony between all elements of the environment. In the data collection  procedures, all the data with a focus on self-actualzation are gathered from the novel, covering a comprehensive data selection to meet the objectives of the study. The selected data are then sorted  out to be conformed with the types of self-actualization as the points of analysis. For the data analysis, deductive frequency method of analysis is applied, going from general to specific analysis. All the types of data needed are classified, coded and  interpreted comprehensively based on the focus of the study. The main data source is obtained from the novel above and subsequently from other related references. By using a humanistic psychology approach with the concept of the process of self-understanding which is then generated with the theory of human needs by Abraham Maslow, with a formulation of the levels of human needs starting from the most basic to gaining self-understanding, it is found that the novel contains the concept of self-actualization in the form of free will, responsibility and self-awareness.

Keywords


free will; responsibility; self-actualization; self-awareness

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbas, J. (2020). Service quality in higher education institutions: qualitative evidence from the students’ perspectives using Maslow hierarchy of needs, International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 1293), 12(3), 371-384.

Andrew J. H., Daniel, N. R., Jason, F., C., Christopher, S. & Grace, C. H. (2019). Adapting maslow's hierarchy of needs as a framework for resident wellness. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 31(1), 109-118.

Bland, A. M., DeRobertis, E. M. (2020). Humanistic perspective. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds). Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. London: Springer.

Carden, J., Jones, R. J., & Passmore, J. (2022). Defining self-awareness in the context of adult development: a systematic literature review. Journal of Management Education, 46(1), 140-177.

Carduci, B. J. (2020). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Wiley Online Library.

Caruso, G. D. (2021). Rejecting retributivism: Free will, punishment and criminal justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Code, L. (2020). Epistemic responsibility. New York: State University of New York Press.

Compton, W. C. (2018). Self-actualization myths: What did maslow really say? Journal of Humanistic Psychology.

Darby, R. R., Burke, M. J. & Fox, M. D. (2018). Lesion network localization of free will. Biological Sciences, 115 (42).

Deckers, L. (2018). Motivation: Biological, psychological, and environmental. London: Routledge Press.

Dohlman, L., DiMeglio, M., Hajj, J. & Laudanski, K. (2019). Global brain drain; how can the maslow theory of motivation improve our understanding of physician migration? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health , 16(7), 1182.

Eleonora, P. L., Saeed, E. & Niki, T. (2022). A critical review of maslow’s theory of spirituality. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 24(4), 327-343.

El Zein, M., Bahrami, B. & Hertwig, R. (2019). Shared responsibility in collective decisions. Nat Hum Behav, 3, 554–559.

Farimani, Z. B. & Shahri, N. N. (2020). Reaching self-actualization in education: construction and validation of a hierarchical scale, Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(4).

Friedman, H. L., & Brown, N. J. L. (2018). Implications of debunking the “critical positivity ratio” for humanistic psychology: introduction to special issue. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 58(3), 239-261.

Gawel, J. E. (2019). Herzberg's theory of motivation and maslow's hierarchy of needs, Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 5, Article 11.

Griffith, M. (2021). Free will: The basics. London: Routledge.

Hamendi, N. (2018). From self-reliance to self-actualization in defoe’s robinson crusoe and thoreau’s walden. English Language and Literature Studies, 8, 102.

Hansen, I. (2020). Self-actualization. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. London: Springer.

Harris, J. (2020). Violence and Responsibility. London: Routledge.

Hoffman, E. (2020). The social world of self-actualizing people: reflections by maslow’s biographer, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 60(6), 908-933.

Lestari, S., Waluyo, H. J., Wardani, & Nugraheni E. (2019). Humanistic psychology study of abraham maslow on the main character in tiba sebelum berangkat novel by faisal oddang. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 2 (1).

Lussier, K. (2023). Of maslow, motives, and managers: The hierarchy of needs in american business, 1960 – 1985. Journal of The History of the Behavioral Sciences.

Mylashenko, K., & Lavrinenko, V. (2019). The role of emotional intelligence in self-actualization of personality. Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy, (11), 59-66.

Navy, S. L. (2020). Theory of human motivation—abraham maslow. in: akpan, b., kennedy, t.j. (eds) Science Education in Theory and Practice. Springer Texts in Education. New York: Springer.

Peacocke, C. (2023). Mental action and self-awareness. Chapter Twenty. Wiley Online Library.

Pereboom, D. (2022). Free will. Series: Elements in philosophy of mind DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108982511 Online ISBN: 9781108982511 Publisher: Cambridge University Press.

Rasheed, S. P., Younas, A. & Sundus, A. (2018). Self-awareness in nursing: a scoping review. Journal of Clinic Nursing, 28(5).

Rojas, M., Mendez, A. & Watkins-Fassler, K. (2023). The hierarchy of needs empirical examination of maslow’s theory and lessons for development. World Development, 165.

Roshida, R. R. Ab. (2020). The major concepts of humanistic theories. Indian Journals, 10 (8).

Rubens, A., Schoenfeld, G., Schaffer, B. S. & Leah, J. S. (2018). Self-awareness and leadership: Developing an individual stratetgic professional development plan in an mba leadership course. The International Journal of Management Education, 16(1).

Schoofs, L., Hornung, S. & Glaser, J. (2022). Prospective effects of social support on self-actualization at work – The mediating role of basic psychological need fulfillment. Acta Psychologica, 228.

Shipunova, O. D., Berezovskaya, Iriana P. & Smolskaia, Natalia B. (2019). The role of student’s self-actualization in adapting to the e-learning environment. ACM Digital Library. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, pp. 745 – 750.

Simatupang, I. (1969). Ziarah. Jakarta: Naura.

Ștefan, Popa & Albu. (2020). Implications of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on healthcare employees’ performance, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences.

Stephen, J. (2021). How humanistic is positive psychology? Lessons in positive psychology from carl rogers' person-centered approach—it's the social environment that must change. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.

Winston, C. N. (2018). To be and not to be: A paradoxical narrative of self-actualization. The Humanistic Psychologist, 46(2), 159–174.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30743/ll.v8i1.9422

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Fakultas Sastra 
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU), Medan
Jl. Sisingamangaraja Teladan Medan 20217
Telp. (061) 7869911, e-mail: language_literacy@sastra.uisu.ac.id